Our full list of questions you can print out and test yourself:

1. Oxygen atoms are more electronegative than hydrogen atoms; what does this tell us about them?
2. What type of bond is formed between the atoms of a water molecule?
3. For a polar-covalent bond to form between two atoms, which of the following properties must they have between them?
4. What is a type of bond that can form between atoms?
5. What is the electron-dipole moment, and when does it occur?
6. What describes a non-polar covalent bond?
7. In which type of bond does one atom completely release some of its own electrons, relinquishing them to the other atom involved in the bond?
8. Considering the properties of two atoms, in which of the following situations would an ionic bond form?
9. What is the meaning of electronegativity, a property which is present across all atoms?
10. Which of the following statements is FALSE?
11. It is a well-known fact that oil and water do not mix, but for what reason?
12. When sodium chloride (salt) is added to water, it will dissolve – thinking about the atoms involved, how does this process happen?
13. Which type of bond forms between water molecules?
14. Thinking about the bonds involved, how do water molecules arrange themselves within an aqueous solution?
15. For approximately how long does the average hydrogen bond exist between water molecules?
16. Which of the following statements is TRUE?
17. What is meant by the term hydrophilic?
18. Which term describes when identical molecules interact with each other, such as water molecules with other water molecules?
19. If a molecule is said to have cohesive properties, what does that mean?
20. What is the term for molecules which are attracted to different types of molecules, such as water interacting with silicon dioxide?
21. If a molecule is said to have adhesive properties, what does that mean?
22. Surface tension can enable water to resist some external force, for example, filling up a glass of water over the brim. What is happening to enable this?
23. In which of the following scenarios is cohesion observed?
24. In which of the following scenarios is adhesion observed?
25. How is it possible that water, an aqueous solution, can ‘climb’ up the side of a glass?
26. As water climbs up the side of a glass, which properties are enabling it to do so?
27. In which of the following scenarios would we observe capillary action?
28. On the periodic table, which of the following pieces of information are we able to obtain for each element?
29. Thinking about elements, what does atomic weight tell us?
30. Carbon 12 is the most abundant isotope of that element, with carbon 13 and carbon 14 accounting for approximately 1% of carbon in the natural environment – what is the atomic weight of carbon?
31. What is an organic molecule?
32. Which of the following molecules is a hydrocarbon?
33. Protein primary structures, ribose sugars in DNA and ATP, and the lipid bilayer are all formed around a long backbone of which element?
34. More than 97% of the mass of the human body is made up of which elements?
35. Atoms are composed of which of the following subatomic particles?
36. Which subatomic particle defines what element an atom is?
37. Which of the following statements is TRUE with regards to the subatomic particle’s neutrons, electrons and protons?
38. Found in electron clouds, how is it that electrons remain connected to the atom that they surround?
39. Elements can exist as either atoms or ions – what is the difference between the two forms?
40. Sodium likes to give away the single electron on its valence shell, whilst chlorine is willing to accept a single electron to fill its valence shell; hence, they form an ionic bond. When this happens, what charges will the ions obtain?
41. Ions are the result of which type of bond?
42. Aluminum has 13 electrons and, when forming an ionic bond, it will give away the three electrons found on its valence shell – what charge would it have upon losing all three?
43. What is an isotope?
44. Carbon can exist in multiple forms, containing 12, 13 or even 14 neutrons, and it is one of many elements which display such variability – what is the term for elements which show variability in their neutron count?
45. Which type of subatomic particle is found within the nucleus of an atom?
46. Carbon 12 consists of 6 electrons, 6 neutrons & 6 protons – what is carbon 14 made of?
47. Which of the following equations represents the correct way to determine the mass number of an atom?
48. With regards to nuclear notation, and considering the element oxygen (atomic mass of 16, atomic number of 8), what do we know to be TRUE if we see a -2 next to the symbol representing the element?
49. Chlorine 35 is a stable isotope of the element, with an atomic number of 17 – how many neutrons and electrons does a neutrally charged chlorine 29 atom have?
50. What do macromolecules consist of?
51. What takes place during a condensation reaction?
52. Of the following reactions, which is a condensation reaction?
53. Although they are covalent, the bonds which hold together proteins are given a special name – what is it?
54. There are 20 amino acids in total, each with its own unique features, but they all also share the same core groups – what are these groups?
55. Which of the following occurs during the formation of a polypeptide chain, enabling the amino acids to bind together?
56. All polypeptide chains have both an N terminus and a C terminus, but what are they?
57. Which of the following types of reaction involves the addition of water to break covalent bonds?
58. By which other term are carbohydrates often referred to?
59. What is the name for the long, chained form of carbohydrates?
60. Each of the 20 amino acids is categorized based upon the polarity (hydrophobic or hydrophilic) of their R group and which other property?
61. What causes polypeptide chains to fold up into a secondary structure, either alpha-helices or beta-sheets?
62. Monosaccharides are molecules which consists of which three elements?
63. Which of the following properties is used to classify monosaccharides?
64. What is the difference between a triose and a pentose?
65. Proteins serve many roles within the human body, but which of the following is NOT one of their functions?
66. In which of the following scenarios is a hydrolysis reaction used?
67. When two glucose monosaccharides are joined together, forming the disaccharide maltose, how are they bound?
68. What are the two primary functions of carbohydrates?
69. What happens when animals consume too much glucose, exceeding what they require at the time?
70. In the human body, where can glycogen stores be found?
71. Both amylose and cellulose are formed by many glucose molecules being bound together into a chain, but what is the key difference between the two?
72. Lipids are somewhat of an oddity in the world of macromolecules – what is it that makes them different?
73. Which of the following is a primary function of fats within the human body?
74. Which of the following is a type of lipid?
75. Thinking about the molecule itself, what are saturated fats?
76. Both featuring double bonds between two carbon atoms, what is the difference between a trans and cis unsaturated fat?
77. Which of the following types of fat are liquid at room temperature?
78. With regards to phospholipids, which of the following statements is TRUE?
79. Acting as the cell membrane, phospholipids will arrange themselves into the distinctive bilayer pattern, but why does this happen?
80. How many carbon rings do steroids contain?
81. Which of the following is a key role of steroids in the body?
82. Which of the following molecules is a steroid?
83. Which of the following describes the correct structure of nucleic acids, both DNA and RNA?
84. Which of the following statements is FALSE with regards to DNA and RNA?
85. In 1953, what shape did Rosalind Franklin, James Watson and Francis Crick discover DNA to have?
86. In RNA molecules, how do the nitrogenous bases pair up?
87. What type of bonding, and how many of these bonds, holds together the nitrogenous bases of different nucleotide strands?